The Center for Biospeleology was founded in 2002 under the name Center for Biospeleological Research of Southeast Europe, and changed its name to its current name in 2011. The first head of the center, from 2002 to 2014, was Prof. Dr. Božidar Ćurčić. From 2014 to 2021, the center was headed by Prof. Dr. Rajko Dimitrijević, and from 2021, the center has been headed by Assistant Professor Dr. Dragan Antic.

During its existence, the center has organized numerous biospeleological researches on the territory of Serbia, the Balkan Peninsula and the Caucasus, during which a significant number of taxa of subterranean arthropods were collected, some of which were described as new taxa for science, both at the species and supraspecies level. The members of the center pay special attention to the protection of speleological objects and their fauna on the territory of Serbia. The center also has one of the largest collections of photographs of subterranean organisms in the region. In addition to teachers and associates of the Faculty of Biology, the center's work also includes undergraduate, master's and doctoral students, as well as eminent experts from abroad. The center cooperates with biospeleological and speleological societies from the country and abroad. Members of the center participate in the presentation and promotion of the diversity and protection of cave fauna through the creation of information panels in caves, participation in domestic and international conferences, as well as the publication of monographs and scientific papers in domestic and international journals.